Almost all Rubies coming out of Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka
and Madagascar are heat-treated. Rubies that are not treated come out from
areas, which are technologically (gemologically) not so advanced like
Afghanistan and Pakistan. Heat treatment makes a ruby more transparent.
However, many people don’t like their gems heat treated.
Also beware of glass filled rubies from Madagascar and Srilanka.
These are everywhere nowadays and only gemologists can tell them apart.
Synthetic Rubies are also being sold to unwary customers.
Many times, even the seller does not know if the gemstones they are selling are natural or synthetic.
The best way to protect yourself is to buy from a certified gemologist.